Friday, September 4, 2020

How Effective Was Victorian Policing?

At the point when police constrained were first set up in the mid nineteenth century, they were exceptionally disagreeable. This was because of the reality the police were condemned for vicious and intoxicated conduct. Besides, for example, the expense of running the police power and people in general dreaded them as a danger to their own and political opportunity. For instance, the police didn’t illuminate any wrongdoing â€Å"the absence of protection† and predominantly numerous spots didn't have a police power until 1856, which implied that there was no point having them since it stood out extraordinarily from the population.One point students of history locate that Victorian policing was a disappointment is that more often than not the police spent cleaning lushes and poor people up the road, and not comprehending genuine wrongdoing, for example, just four quantities of captures were made in 16 years. Late Victorian England is depicted by certain history specialists as a ‘golden age’ of policing as a result of the measure of open trust and approval.There were changes which implied that there were less tipsiness in the power and the open affirmed the police were considered more to be a companion than danger. Additionally the individuals thought it appeared to be justified, despite all the trouble to run the police power. This was on the grounds that the police power was beginning to understand their mix-up and gained from it. There was an expansion in the quantity of capture the police made and the crime percentage started to consistently fall.Furthermore they began to assemble proof from the general population and made arraignments, which recommends the police were making a move and attempted to understand wrongdoings. What's more there were new innovations this framework was to characterize data all the more productively. In any case, history specialists likewise ask whether this truly was a ‘golden’ age. For instanc e the Bertillon framework was hard to utilize, in this manner there was no much point to utilize them; except if an observer could give itemized portrayals of the criminal.One significant point that demonstrates the Victorian policing was a disappointment is in the nineteenth century cops weren’t sufficiently prepared. Generally, somewhat the Victorian policing were viable in that they gained from their errors and continued improving, yet somewhat it wasn’t impact in forestalling lawbreakers successfully or comprehending violations. Anyway as I would see it the Victorian policing were successful in the manner that if the slip-ups weren’t made, we’d be confronted with similar issues now.

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Minister’s Black Veil :: Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

In the short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the Mr. Hooper’s dark cloak and the words that can portray among him and the shroud. Hawthorne shows how a dark shroud can portray the same number of words. Through the story, Hawthorne acquaints the peruser with Mr. Hooper, a parson in Milford meeting-house and a courteous individual, who wears a dark cloak. In this manner, Mr. Hooper rejects from his fund and his kin, since they request that he move the cloak, yet he wouldn't like to do it. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†, Mr. Hooper’s dark cover represents sins, dimness, and mystery so as to decide sins that he can't advise to anybody, obscurity around his face and neighbors, and mystery about the dark cloak. From the earliest starting point of the story, Mr. Hooper comes out wearing a dark shroud, which speaks to sins that he can't advise to anybody. Wrapped about his temple, and hanging down over his face, Mr. Hooper has on a dark shroud. Elizabeth asked, â€Å"Beloved and regarded as you may be, there might be murmurs that you shrouded your face under the cognizance of mystery sin† (Hawthorne 269). His fiancã © says that operating at a profit shroud there might be has a cognizance of mystery sin. Additionally, he is a parson in Milford meeting-house and a respectful individual, so without the shroud, Hooper would be a simply commonplace priest, â€Å"guilty of the ordinary sins of each human, however holier than most† (Boone par.7). He would be a commonplace pastor who is liable of the run of the mill sins of each human without the dark shroud. Likewise, Boone stated, â€Å"If he admits his wrongdoing, the network can occur† (Boone par.16). In the event that he ad mits his wrongdoing about the dark cloak, the entirety of the neighbors will despise him. Last, he stated, â€Å"so, the cover is an expression: it is continually implying, continually addressing the individuals of the chance of Hooper’s sin† (Boone par.11). Mr. Hooper’s cover says that he is attempting to not inform the transgressions concerning the dark cloak. All in all, every individuals have sins that can't advise to anybody like Mr. Hooper. Next, the minister’s dark cloak represents haziness around his face and neighbors. His edge shivered; his lips developed white, and hurried forward into the haziness. He stated, â€Å"Know, at that point, this cloak is a sort and an image, and I will undoubtedly wear it ever, both in light and obscurity, in isolation and before the look of hoards, and similarly as with outsiders, so with my recognizable friends† In this light and dimness dark shroud, he will undoubtedly wear it ever. The Minister’s Black Veil :: Literary Analysis, Hawthorne In the short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the Mr. Hooper’s dark cover and the words that can depict among him and the cloak. Hawthorne shows how a dark shroud can portray the same number of words. Through the story, Hawthorne acquaints the peruser with Mr. Hooper, a parson in Milford meeting-house and a respectful individual, who wears a dark cloak. In this manner, Mr. Hooper rejects from his money and his kin, since they request that he move the cover, yet he wouldn't like to do it. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†, Mr. Hooper’s dark shroud represents sins, dimness, and mystery so as to decide sins that he can't advise to anybody, obscurity around his face and neighbors, and mystery about the dark cloak. From the earliest starting point of the story, Mr. Hooper comes out wearing a dark shroud, which speaks to sins that he can't advise to anybody. Wrapped about his brow, and hanging down over his face, Mr. Hooper has on a dark cover. Elizabeth encouraged, â€Å"Beloved and regarded as you seem to be, there might be murmurs that you concealed your face under the awareness of mystery sin† (Hawthorne 269). His fiancã © says that operating at a profit shroud there might be has a cognizance of mystery sin. Additionally, he is a parson in Milford meeting-house and a noble individual, so without the cover, Hooper would be a simply average priest, â€Å"guilty of the common sins of each human, however holier than most† (Boone par.7). He would be a run of the mill serve who is liable of the commonplace sins of each human without the dark cover. Likewise, Boone stated, â€Å"If he admits his wrongdoing, the network can occur† (Boone par.16). On the off chance that he admit s his transgression about the dark cloak, the entirety of the neighbors will detest him. Last, he stated, â€Å"so, the cover is an idiom: it is continually meaning, continually addressing the individuals of the chance of Hooper’s sin† (Boone par.11). Mr. Hooper’s cloak says that he is attempting to not enlighten the wrongdoings concerning the dark shroud. Taking everything into account, each individuals have sins that can't advise to anybody like Mr. Hooper. Next, the minister’s dark cover represents haziness around his face and neighbors. His edge shivered; his lips developed white, and hurried forward into the murkiness. He stated, â€Å"Know, at that point, this cloak is a sort and an image, and I will undoubtedly wear it ever, both in light and dimness, in isolation and before the look of hoards, and similarly as with outsiders, so with my recognizable friends† In this light and obscurity dark shroud, he will undoubtedly wear it ever. The Minister’s Black Veil :: Literary Analysis, Hawthorne In the short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the Mr. Hooper’s dark cloak and the words that can portray among him and the cover. Hawthorne exhibits how a dark cover can portray the same number of words. Through the story, Hawthorne acquaints the peruser with Mr. Hooper, a parson in Milford meeting-house and a courteous individual, who wears a dark cover. Along these lines, Mr. Hooper rejects from his money and his kin, since they request that he move the cloak, yet he wouldn't like to do it. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†, Mr. Hooper’s dark cloak represents sins, haziness, and mystery so as to decide sins that he can't advise to anybody, murkiness around his face and neighbors, and mystery about the dark shroud. From the earliest starting point of the story, Mr. Hooper comes out wearing a dark cover, which speaks to sins that he can't advise to anybody. Wrapped about his brow, and hanging down over his face, Mr. Hooper has on a dark shroud. Elizabeth encouraged, â€Å"Beloved and regarded as you seem to be, there might be murmurs that you concealed your face under the awareness of mystery sin† (Hawthorne 269). His fiancã © says that operating at a profit cloak there might be has a cognizance of mystery sin. Additionally, he is a parson in Milford meeting-house and a courteous individual, so without the shroud, Hooper would be a simply run of the mill serve, â€Å"guilty of the average sins of each human, however holier than most† (Boone par.7). He would be a normal priest who is blameworthy of the run of the mill sins of each human without the dark cloak. Likewise, Boone stated, â€Å"If he admits his transgression, the network can occur† (Boone par.16). On the off chan ce that he admits his transgression about the dark cloak, the entirety of the neighbors will detest him. Last, he stated, â€Å"so, the shroud is a platitude: it is continually meaning, continually addressing the individuals of the chance of Hooper’s sin† (Boone par.11). Mr. Hooper’s shroud says that he is attempting to not enlighten the wrongdoings regarding the dark cloak. Taking everything into account, each individuals have sins that can't advise to anybody like Mr. Hooper. Next, the minister’s dark cloak represents obscurity around his face and neighbors. His casing shivered; his lips developed white, and surged forward into the obscurity. He stated, â€Å"Know, at that point, this cloak is a sort and an image, and I will undoubtedly wear it ever, both in light and obscurity, in isolation and before the look of hoards, and similarly as with outsiders, so with my natural friends† In this light and murkiness dark cover, he will undoubtedly wear it ever.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Justifiable Vengeance

‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ and ‘Mother Savage’ are two short stories delineating Vengeance as communicated in the view of the authors; Roald Dahl and Guy De Maupassant separately. The two stories reflect parts of human pitilessness, perversity, and savagery showed by female characters. Sheep to the Slaughter distributed in 1953, recounts to the narrative of Mary Maloney, who purposely clubs her analyst spouse Patrick to death, after he had uncovered to her his arrangement to forsake her.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Justifiable Vengeance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More ‘Mother Savage’ then again, recounts to the account of a bereft lady who is driven by her son’s demise in war to murder four Prussian warriors she had been quartering. To communicate the character of the lady, Guy watches her to be â€Å"made of a stuff like that of the men from the wide open a solid old† (12).This paper offers a short investigation of intrigue of logos as communicated in Dahl’s ‘Lamb to the Slaughter.’ An ideal intrigue of logos in Roald Dahl’s ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ is all around communicated by Mary Maloney in her influential manner to avoid blameworthy. Having executed her better half, Mrs. Maloney takes as much time as necessary to practice a few times before her room reflect on the best way to concoct a savvy impression that will never raise any questions about what she had quite recently done. This is before she went out to pick a few things from the basic food item, to make a vindication by causing the basic food item proprietor to accept that everything was fine. â€Å"Patrick’s said he’s somewhat depleted and doesn’t need to go out today, and he’s found me having no vegetables tonight† (Dahl 5). In this while, Mrs. Maloney seemed ordinary and her irregular joy would not go as a signal of doubt to S am. The intensity of thinking applied in this setting is at long last observed when the criminologists examining her husband’s demise approach the food merchant for addressing. Coming out clear from the perception of the food merchant, â€Å"The woman had acted ordinary and somewhat sprightly and there was no uncertainty that she was going to give her better half a brilliant supper† (Dahl 16). This affirmation by the food merchant had expelled any questions which the analysts would have about Mrs. Maloney. Through this insightful legitimate methodology, Mary Maloney prevails with regards to befuddling the detectives’ further endeavors to set up the conditions prompting the demise of Mr. Maloney (Rich A23). In genuine sense, she is the enemy of her significant other however nobody could think about her that way. This setting be that as it may, is sure to raise genuine contentions. It raises a lot of debate exactly how the intrigue of logos is communicated in the story. The style is made to make a major object on crafted by the criminologists whose consolidated exertion doesn't appear to come anyplace approach reality. The criminologists are looking through the executioner from outside while in genuine sense, she is there with them and its absolutely impossible they could have suspected it.Advertising Looking for paper on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another thing, the intrigue of logos in this setting was all around created yet it neglected to meet the necessities of high thinking from the side of the criminologists and there was no chance this would persuade the perusers about its proposed meaning. The author has made the analysts to seem thoughtful with Mrs. Maloney, simply a similar way he causes perusers to feel and this belittles the job of investigators in the general public. Despite the fact that they have showed extraordinary aptitude in their work up u ntil this point, they have flopped in their commitment totally. The reality of the situation here is that, the investigators had been trapped in the appeal of the lady who appeared to control them the manner in which she enjoyed. The intrigue of logos has been overstated a piece by making the lady progressively subtle in her influences. For example, as we as a whole know, it is difficult for insightful officials to acknowledge food or impetuses from their suspects, yet for this situation, it would occur. After a bit of persuading from Mrs. Maloney, the investigators were joyfully devouring the equivalent Lamb’s leg that was utilized to club Patrick in this manner ruining the main conceivable bit of proof that could have driven them to reality. Subsequently, Maloney is persuaded that it is extremely unlikely her privileged insights will ever be found. Another exceptional disappointment in the manner logos apply in the story is that, they have been conveyed up to the end and th is makes the story absence of the most huge part of stories; the goals. Taking the perspective on Dahl’s ‘Lamb to the Slaughter,’ the executing of Patrick’s is a first degree murder. As the executioner would see it, this was in reality the most ideal approach to fulfill her sad sentiments. As indicated by Bentham, â€Å"humans would be guided by the craving to accomplish harmony and bliss via completing revenge† and there is no any uncertainty that Mrs. Maloney had anticipated the passing of her better half since the second he uncovered to her about his arrangements to relinquish her (36). Thinking of her as hopeful status, this would be the most noticeably awful news she would hope to get notification from her accomplice throughout everyday life. That equivalent night, she clubbed her better half to death and she appeared to be fulfilled in the fiendish activity. To the idea of things, she’d preferable slaughter her significant other rather over confronting the embarrassing sentiment of losing him to the outside world, and likely to another lady. Mrs. Maloney was fundamentally inspired by the flooding desire of recuperating her tranquility ordinary by accomplishing something that would turn away her torment. Be that as it may, was honest and his discipline in this fierce way was not defended and he didn’t merit it in any case. Works Cited Bentham, Jeremy. A prologue to the standards of ethics and enactment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Justifiable Vengeance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dahl, Roald. Sheep to the Slaughter. New York: Penguin Books, 1995. Print. Fellow, Maupassant. Old Mother Savage: a story of the Franco-Prussian War. New York: Frail Sister Comics, 2008. Print. Rich, Ferdinand. â€Å"Lamb to the slaughter.† The New York Times 12. 13 (1997): A23. Print. This paper on Justifiable Vengeance was composed and put together by client D0rmammu to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

East Bengal War 1971 and Famine Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

East Bengal War 1971 and Famine Abroad - Essay Example This gathering named Amawi League won in the East Pakistan national political race in 1970. The Western head General Yahya Khan, in association of the triumph of Amawi League, requested and said â€Å"Kill 3,000,000 of them [East Pakistanis] and the rest will eat out of our hands,† as cited by Ariana (2011) from Asia Times. West Pakistan requested a decimation crusade on March 25, 1971 which included gigantic murdering of East Bengal obstruction bunch individuals and assaulting of Bengali ladies. Amawi League pioneer Sheik Mujibur Rahman was additionally killed during the war. In was on December 16, 1971 when East Pakistan won the war and announced autonomy from West Pakistan. East Bengal earned another name, â€Å"Bangladesh† meaning â€Å"Country of Bengal†, and its own national language â€Å"Bengali† (Ariana, 2011). Under the British settlement in Bengal, the land had 30 to 40 starvations and the remainder of the large starvation occurred somewhere in the range of 1942 and 1945. In a range of three years, right around 4,000,000 had passed on because of starvation in Bengal. Bengal was at one time the most rich land in Ganges delta and was the storage facility of India before Great Britain involved the land. The British was indicted for the sorted out and deliberate destruction (Chawla, 2005). As indicated by Anil Chawla (2005), â€Å"The awful slaughter, which utilized appetite and starvation as apparatuses, went on for around eighteen decades and was completed in Bengal, India (at present Bengal is incompletely in India and mostly in Bangladesh) by the British pilgrim aces asserting around thirty million victims.† Amartya Sen, a Nobel laureate, guaranteed that starvation demise of the individuals in Bengal was not brought about by outrageous fall of food creation but since of the British approaches (Chawla, 2005). As a result of the dry season that hit Somalia, a huge number of individuals are in danger of passing on account of craving. The dry spell struck in the late spring of year 2011 causing a large number of Somalis dead in view of lack of healthy sustenance. The United Nations pronounced a starvation and required the worldwide

Friday, August 21, 2020

Detecting Autoantibodies in Human Sera Samples using ELISA

Distinguishing Autoantibodies in Human Sera Samples utilizing ELISA Presentation Autoimmunity is a progression of resistant reactions that is made against a living beings own cells and tissues because of failure to perceive own cells and tissues as self (Mandal, 2014). Ailments can emerge because of autoimmunity. This incorporates lupus (SLE). Lupus (SLE) emerges on account of immunological systems. With resilience to antigens is lost and creation of autoreactive lymphocytes the procedure of autoantibody is delivered. Ceaseless creation of autoantibodies from autoantibody delivering cells brings about arrangement of safe buildings. (Bolland and Ravetch, 2000). There are numerous elements which impact the weakness and advancement of lupus (SLE). These incorporate hormonal, natural, and hereditary variables (Lisnevskaia et al, 2014). Qualities engaged with lupus (SLE) incorporate MHC loci, tumor rot factor alpha, parts of the supplement factor and the mannose restricting protein (Tsao and Grossman, 2001). Ecological triggers have effect on articulation for lupus (S LE, for example, nutrient D inadequacy. Nutrient D has a significant job all together for the insusceptible framework to work appropriately on the grounds that receptors of nutrient D are found in the cells of the safe framework, for example, T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. Likewise decreased nutrient D consumption because of photosensitivity is related with lupus (SLE). In this way, lack in nutrient D has a significant ramification for the resistant framework and can make immune system ailments (Albishri et al, 2015). Hormones have a job in going about as substance detachments in the insusceptible reaction (Csaba, 2014). These compound signs delivered from hormones are disturbed particularly between the mind and target cells which is a significant factor in lupus (SLE) (Pick, n.d.). In view of this upset equalization of hormone creation certain hormones are increasingly common which cause lupus (SLE). High estrogen focuses have been connected to lupus (SLE) because of it causing autoimmunity and with patients having a quick transformation of androgens to estrogens. Patients with joint agonies are connected with lupus (SLE) and furthermore have a high grouping of estrogen (Lupusinternational.com, n.d.). Determination of lupus (SLE) incorporate the lupus band test which recognizes for the nearness of antinuclear antibodies. This is finished utilizing immunofluorescence. By taking a gander at the brilliance design the sort of counter acting agent can be recognized. For an individual to be sure for lupus (SLE) IgG and other supplement statements will be found at the dermoepidermal intersection. To be explicit there will be a bandlike store along the epidermal storm cellar layer because of the nearness of IgG. Likewise a bandlike store will be available in the core of the epidermal cells. A high grouping of against dsDNA immune response from titers likewise shows the nearness of SLE because of hostile to dsDNA counter acting agent having a high expli citness for SLE (Gill et al, 2003). Analysis can likewise be made utilizing the SLICC rules. For a patient to have SLE, in any event four measures should be met including one clinical model (Petri et al, 2012). There is presently no remedy for SLE however various medications are accessible. Forecast for SLE has improved essentially since the 1950s with individuals analyzed it living for under five years. Presently 90% of individuals with SLE live more than ten years. The impact of SLE is more obvious in men and kids than in ladies. Reasons for early passing has been because of disappointment of organs and diseases. Due to improved endurance rate different variables have come in to play for the passing of SLE patients. Cardiovascular malady is one factor and it is essential to keep this from being created (Doria et al, 2006). Â Â The ELISA test is a symptomatic test used to gauge the grouping of specific antibodies or antigens present in an example from a malady tolerant. ELISA is extraordinary because of the partition of explicit and vague connections during sequential authoritative to the multiwell plate. Toward the finish of ELISA, a shaded item is delivered that is related with the measure of immunizer or antigen present in the arrangement test (Bio-Rad, n.d.). The initial step of ELISA is covering, where a layer of antigen or immune response is adsorbed to the wells on the plate. Subsequent to covering, blocking and identification are the following stages. A few washes are required between every ELISA venture to evacuate unbound materials. During this procedure abundance fluid is expelled so as to forestall weakening of the arrangements included the following stage (Bio-Rad, n.d.). For discovery of SLE in the patient, the patients serum test experiences the ELISA test to distinguish the centralization of hostile to dsDNA-antibodies which is explicit for patients with SLE. A high centralization of against dsDNA-antibodies will show that the patient has SLE (Wigand et al, 1997). The point of this analysis is to gauge the centralization of hostile to dsDNA-counter acting agent present in both of the serum tests utilizing the ELISA test by authoritative to the complimentary antigen twofold abandoned DNA in the wells. The examples originate from a female patient known to be experiencing SLE. Test A was acquired when she was feeling generally well and test B was gathered upon the arrival of the functional. By looking at the yellow shading power toward the finish of the ELISA test for the two examples and contrasted with the controls and utilizing the standard bend the grouping of hostile to dsDNA antibodies can be gotten and associated to the applicable SLE anticipation level. A measure result over the research center reference run for the counter dsDNA-immunizer at a specific visualization level will show that the patient is sure for SLE and the degree of SLE forecast. In view of the degree of SLE visualization appropriate medications will be given to the patie nt. Results On each strip the initial three wells were marked the positive controls, the following three names were estimated the negative controls and the rest of the wells were named test An and B (three for each example). In the primary stage 50â µl of sanitized antigen was added to each well of the microplate strip. The strip was hatched for two minutes at room temperature to permit time for the antigen to tie to every plastic well. A layer of antigens was available in each well once brooding had wrapped up. After hatching the wells were washed utilizing a wash cradle to evacuate overabundance fluid. In stage three 100â µl of blocking cradle was included into each well and brooded for two minutes to expel unbound locales. The wells were washed again to expel abundance fluid. In the subsequent stage 50â µl of the positive controls, negative controls and the test autosera tests were stacked into the important wells. The strip was then brooded for 10 minutes at room temperature. After hatchi ng for 10 minutes the wells were washed to expel the unbound antibodies. When the wash was done 50â µl of auxiliary immune response was added to the wells. At that point the wells were hatched for 5 minutes at room temperature. The washing method was rehashed to expel any unbound auxiliary antibodies. In stage nine 50â µl of the HRP catalyst substrate was added to the wells. The strip was hatched for 5 minutes at room temperature. This permitted adequate time for the HRP catalyst which is conjugated to optional antibodies to process the TBT substrate. The metabolisation of the TBT substrate delivered a blue-hued item. Each very much turned blue decently fast during the brooding and the last strip is appeared in figure 1. The power for the positive control was six, negative control was zero, and test An and test B was five. Figure 1. The small scale plate strip indicating the blue-shaded item after the chemical substrate was included and afterward hatched for 5 minutes. For the last phase of the ELISA test the response was halted by including 50â µl of stop arrangement, (10% (v/v) phosphoric corrosive/ddH2O) into the wells. The blue arrangement turned yellow on expansion of the stop arrangement. This is found in figure 2. The power for the positive control was six, negative control was zero, example A was one and test B was two. Figure 2. The miniaturized scale plate strip indicating the yellow-hued item after the expansion of the stop cushion to the blue-shaded item. Absorbance estimations were acquired utilizing a plate peruser for the controls and tests. The absorbance identifies with the centralization of hostile to dsDNA antibodies present in the examples. The information is appeared in table 1. Table 1. The absorbance information for the controls and tests. +ive controls - ive controls Test 1 Test 2 1 2 3 Avg 1 2 3 Avg 1 2 3 Avg 1 2 3 Avg 0.660 0.717 0.655 0.677 0.063 0.053 0.084 0.067 0.139 0.139 0.141 0.140 0.287 0.255 0.236 0.259 Conversation The antigen that covered the wells of the microplate strip was twofold abandoned DNA. Two epitopes were available. During the response when the control and the autosera tests are stacked, the antibodies present are being identified which is integral to the antigens covered in the wells. The antibodies should be weakened utilizing a blocking cushion for anticipation of vague official of proteins in the antiserum on the well explicitly the strong stage. The antibodies in the serum will spot to the correlative antigens during hatching. Any unbound antibodies are expelled by washing. After this, auxiliary antibodies are included request to distinguish the essential antibodies. During hatching the optional antibodies ties to the essential antibodies (Vlab.amrita.edu, 2011). Taking a gander at figure 1, in the positive control tests, the force of the blue shaded item was six because of a known measure of against dsDNA antibodies present in the example. This is utilized to show the technique is working. The negative control had a blue shading force of zero because of no antibodies present in the example. The forces of both example An and B were comparative on the size of five. From figure 2, taking a gander at the positive

Thursday, August 6, 2020

Biodiesel@MIT Turning trash into black gold

Biodiesel@MIT Turning trash into black gold On Wednesday, 70 degree weather spurred MIT students to sport cute sundresses, flip-flops and shorts. Today, we are in the midst of a winter storm, with accumulations of 5 to 8 inches of snow expected. Meanwhile crude oil reserves are drying out, glaciers are melting, and the worlds supply of fresh water is waning. There are several natural reactions to these calamities: pretend its not happening, accept defeat, or try to make changes that will impede this global energy crisis from spiraling out of control. A small group of MIT undergraduates forming the group [emailprotected] chose the latter option, and they were awarded the grand prize of $25,000 in the GE / mtvU Ecocollege Challenge (www.ecocollegechallenge.com). The prize also includes an Earth Day celebration, featuring a performance by Angels and Airwaves. [emailprotected] has developed a unique solution to lowering carbon dioxide emissions and reducing fuel costs at MIT. Their plan is to convert used vegetable oil from MIT dining halls into biodiesel that can fuel MITs shuttle buses. The money will be used to purchase a solar-powered biodiesel station to make their dream of turning trash into treasure a reality. On-campus dining locations generate approximately 5,000 gallons of used vegetable oil (UVO) annually. Currently, MIT must pay $1.10 a gallon to get rid of this oil, which is used to deep-fry the French fries and onion rings that college students love ever so much. Instead of wasting this byproduct, [emailprotected] wants to convert the UVO into biodiesel using methanol and potassium hydroxide, then add some petro-diesel to create a blended fuel that can be used in MITs shuttles. Approximately $15,000 of the prize money will go towards buying the solar-powered biodiesel station. Their goal is to have the system operating by summer 2007. The group hopes that this project will not only lower campus emissions and energy costs, but also will serve as a teaching tool, since MIT students will be responsible for implementing the plan. Matt Zedler, a senior in Mechanical Engineering and one of the projects organizers, recently said, Recycling used vegetable oil on MITs campus represents an initial stride toward more sustainable campus operations, and I feel the level of support for this project from the students and administrators in the MIT community is a clear indicator of the desire for such on-campus greening projects now and in the future. It is thrilling to see [emailprotected] gain the recognition that they deserve. If you are interested in seeing more examples of MIT students making an impact on their community and world, keep your eyes open for the Spring 2007 issue of the MIT Undergraduate Research Journal. It will be published around May 8 and features an article about [emailprotected], written by Matt Zedler, along with other outstanding student projects.

Tuesday, June 23, 2020

A Story About Jesus Crist - Free Essay Example

John 11:32-44 32 When Mary came where Jesus was and saw him, she knelt at his feet and said to him, â€Å"Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.†33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who came with her also weeping, he was greatly disturbed in spirit and deeply moved. 34 He said, â€Å"Where have you laid him?† They said to him, â€Å"Lord, come and see.† 35 Jesus began to weep. 36 So the Jews said, â€Å"See how he loved him!† 37 But some of them said, â€Å"Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man have kept this man from dying?† 38 Then Jesus, again greatly disturbed, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone was lying against it. 39 Jesus said â€Å"Take away the stone.† Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, â€Å"Lord, already there is a stench because he has been dead four days.† 40 Jesus said to her, â€Å"Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God?† 41 So they took away the stone. And Jesus looked upward and said, â€Å"Father, I thank you for having heard me. 42 I knew that you always hear me, but I have said this for the sake of the crowd standing here, so that they may believe that you sent me.† 43 When he had said this, he cried with a loud voice, â€Å"Lazarus, come out!† 44 The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with strips of cloth, and his face wrapped in a cloth. Jesus said to them, â€Å"Unbind him, and let him go.† Growing up, I learned of many different traditions and customs my parents held. One of those customs was during dinner time, as everyone would gather around the table to eat, there was this expectation that we would go around the table and everyone would say a bible verse. The hope was that mom or dad would pick you first because you already knew what scripture you were going to recitethe shortest one in the BibleJesus wept! It relieved the pressure of trying to figure out what verse you were going to share when you were picked first, while others had to really dig. Today scripture includes this verse, and it tells us just why Jesus wept. It helps us to grasp the fact that Jesus really was fully human and fully divine, and it gives substantial evidence for me of the that it is okay to love so much that it moves you to cry. The Christian calendar calls me to embrace this at least twice a year when we celebrate Good Friday and we share the 7 last saying of Jesus, recall how Jesus cried out, My, God My God, why have you forsaken me.† So today as we celebrate All Saints’ Day, a day as John Wesley put it ,of â€Å"triumphant joy†. We remember Christian saints, who have gone on before us, and we offer thanks for their lives and celebrate their witness as they have prepared the way for us and are now resting in the presence of our God. We have so much to celebrate today knowing that they have fought the good fight and are apart of the great cloud of witnesses, cheering us on as we continue in this fight of faith. We have so much to celebrate today, but in our text, we find our Jesus weeping. Anyone ever wept? Have you ever encountered a pain so intense, you began to weep? I am not asking about crying, I mean weeping. Now weeping is more than tears rolling down your face. Weeping includes moaning, wailing, sobbing, lamenting, even hollering. It’s more than tears from hitting your pinky toe on the corner of your bed, more than the expression of an Aggie who just watched their football team lose to Auburn University in the last 4 mins of the football game. Weeping is an ancient Jewish expression of mourning and grief. So, Mary and Martha are weeping, and others present, are also weeping. Then hear that â€Å"Jesus began to weep.† Why is Jesus weeping? Mary, repeating what Martha had already said, tells Jesus, â€Å"Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.† Now that is some kind of faith. Mary and Martha believe in Jesus so much that they blame him for the death of their, brother Lazarus. Okay, so why does Jesus weep? Perhaps he weeps in unity with others who are grieving, as an act of oneness and solidarity with those who grieve. This weeping one-ness, shows us a God who feels the pain and suffering of humanity. As Luke Powery put it, this is a communal holy sorrow. Jesus wept to demonstrate that you and I are not alone in the midst of hurt and tragedy and brokenness.† It reveal that God is fully present with us even in the midst of life’s most painful situations, even when we feel like we are sitting in the pit of Hell. God is with us! Jesus is there weeping. As we live in the aftermath of hurricanes like Micheal, you may know some folks in South Carolina, Some who were affected in someway and endured the loss of their homes, flooding, loss of mementos, fire, cars flooded and underwater. We’ve witnessed on the news, entire towns being destroyed by the impact of water. Or maybe you have encountered other difficulties in your life, the tragic death of a loved one, and you can relate to Mary’s words: â€Å"Lord if you had been here, my brother, sister, mother, father, son, daughter, uncle, cousin, friend, would have not died.† BUT GOD IS THERE, WEEPING RIGHT ALONG WITH YOU AND EVERYONE ELSE! Friends, when we suffer, and when we weep, God does not turn a death ear to us, rather God weeps right there with us! And God calls us to bear one another’s burdens and to weep in unity and solidarity, to be a communion of saints, to be a crowd of witnesses through a spiritual weeping. How beautiful is this passage?! That reveals to us that God joins in our human suffering and opens God’s self up to the perils of this worldJesus wept. BUT wait a minute, the text seems to suggest that Jesus wept for another reason.. verse 36: â€Å"Jesus began to weep. So the Jews said, ‘See how he loved him!’† Jesus weeps as a sign of His love for Lazarus. Not just to be in solidarity with Mary and the others, but because he loved Lazarus. In his 1987 book called Lament for a Son, about the tragic death of his 25 year old son, Eric, philosophical theologian, Nicholas Wolterstorff, writes, â€Å"If [one] was worth loving, [one] is worth grieving over. It’s okay to shed tears, it’s okay to weep, it is not a sign of weakness; rather it exemplifies a holy strength, one that this culture may not fully understand. BUT weeping is a reflection of love. What a Joy it is to Know Our Jesus Wept! A weeping love is one that flows for those gone from this earth, a mother, father, daughter, son, uncle, aunt, husband, wife, cousin, close friend, colleague, mentor. All saints. After studying this passage Now I better understand why at the first funeral I performed, the wife of a loving husband literally pulled his body out of the casket, while weeping, or even why people try to jump in the casket. This wife was weeping because she loved him with a deep love! When God weeps, its because God loves. Jesus was weeping to reveal his love in the face of suffering, even as he headed toward the cross. Jesus began to weep as an act of solidarity with Mary and Martha and others Jesus wept because of His love for Lazarus and the world. But friends this weeping was in the face of death. Yes, Jesus Who was on His wayto give himself up for the sins of the entire world, stopped by a little village to the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus to put death in its place. Yes, Jesus is weeping but it is not a weeping of defeat, it is a weeping that stirs up anger and resistance. It is a weeping that inspires His purpose and zeal. It is a weeping that moves Him at the very core of His being. His beloved Lazarus is dead, has been for 4 days, according to Martha and he is already stinking. Death stinks! Somebody say, Death stinks! Yes, death stinks, and Jesus is not happy about it! Yes, Jesus weeps, because he recognizes his friend Lazarus is in death’s grip. Yes, He weeps because he recognizes the weight and bondage of death. Yes, He weeps, but this weeping is in the face of the aching pain of the absence of life. Yes, He weeps over death because He knows there is life and liberty on the other side of death. Yes, He weeps, because death breaks His heart. Yes, he weeps, but he does not just sit down in defeat, he does not curl up in a corner and cry, he heads to the tomb, and demands that the stone be rolled away! (Perhaps foreshadowing Jesus’ resurrection) My my! Yes He weeps, BUT Jesus Is the Resurrection AND The Life! So He declares, Lazarus, come out! Verse 44: 44 The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with strips of cloth, and his face wrapped in a cloth. Jesus said to them, â€Å"Unbind him, and let him go.† Lazarus who was dead is now alive! This miracle, is not just about Jesus ability to raise from the dead, it’s about NEW LIFE and freedom! In this act, God reveals through Jesus that God is All Powerful and is able and willing to defeat death. This miracle reveals that death does not have the final say! It reveals that God is willing and able to give us new life, and just like Lazarus was released and unbound from those garments of cloth, God offers us freedom. Can you hear Jesus declaring in your life â€Å"Unbind her and let her go!† Will you receive new life and freedom today? Freedom and new life from alcohol and drug addiction, new life and freedom from depression, and from suicidal thought, new life and freedom from prejudices, and bigotry, new life and freedom from illness and disease, new life and freedom from feelings of inadequacy, new life and freedom from feeling unloved. Today, be free! Today, as Jesus weeps, know He weeps because He loves you, with a love that is unconditional so much so that He gave Himself for you. But in His resurrection, death’s grip was released for a new life of freedom and to think it all began with weeping. Friends, As Psalm 30:5b declares: Weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning light! So as we celebrate All Saints Sunday, we celebrate those who have died in the faith, may we celebrate knowing death does not have the victory! As the Apostle Paul declares: I Corinthians 15:55-57 O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? 56 The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law. 57 But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. Thanks be to God! Let us pray. Thank you it is okay to cry. It is okay to weep. Jesus, Thank you for what you did in Lazarus. Revealing to us that life’s situations, and pains break your heart too. We love you God and are grateful for your presence in our lives. Thank you for releasing us from places in our lives that have us bound, help us God as we walk in new life and freedom. Invitation Accept Christ Rededication and renewal Special Prayer for empowerment to release those unhealthy places in our lives.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Epidemiology, Tuberculosis, and the Homeless Population

Epidemiology, Tuberculosis, and the Homeless Population Rebecca J Buck NUR 408 July 29, 2013 Felita Patterson Epidemiology, Tuberculosis, and the Homeless Population Among many misconceptions, tuberculosis is not a disease of the past. Tuberculosis remains a public health issue. It is estimated that one-third of the total world population is infected by tuberculosis (TB). The American lung association (2013) states, in 2011 alone there were nearly 9,000,000 new diagnosed cases of tuberculosis around the world and an estimated 1.4 million deaths because of this disease. In the United States, TB is not as common (but still a problem). In 2011, only 10,500 people reported having TB (Trends in Tuberculosis Morbidity and†¦show more content†¦Little was known about treatment and prevention of the disease at that time. It was not until 1953 that the United States began collecting data and reports on the 84,304 new cases of TB. This data could be used in research. TB was recognized as a preventable deadly disease, and a common goal to eradicate TB was adopted. Over the next 32 years, the ne w TB cases dropped 74%. By 1985, there were only 22,201 TB cases. History notes that law makers and public health officials became complacent and thought they had found the solution for eradicating TB. Resources for TB surveillance, prevention, and treatment options were reduced, while homeless numbers increased. This changed history as from 1985 to 1992 TB rates started to increase. Data collected from demographic regions and surveillance records show TB cases rose by 20% in those seven years to equal new 26,673 cases, and the estimated number of TB cases (old and new cases together) during that time was more than 64,000 cases. This was the last recorded peek in TB history. Since 1992, there has been a decrease of 67% in all TB cases. Studies reflect this decrease from 10.5 to 3.4 per 100,000 persons. Much credit for this continued decline is attributed to state and federal aid in addition to the state and local programs aimed at fighting TB and the helping the homeless population. Continued public education, proactive surveillance,Show MoreRelatedEpidemiology1298 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Epidemiology Paper Roshanda Dixon Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V March 27, 2015 Abstract According to the reading epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of the health related stated or events (WHO, 2013). The purpose of this study is to gain control of the disease and other major health issues. Tuberculosis is one of the most largest nationwide diseases that are spread throughout the continent. The description of the disease along with how it’s spreadRead MoreThe Tuberculosis Epidemiology Of Louisiana Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tuberculosis Epidemiology of Louisiana Tuberculosis (TB) is brought on by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microorganisms more often than not assault the lungs, however TB microbes can assault any part of the body, for example, the kidney, spine, and mind. Not everybody infected with TB microbes gets to be sick. Therefore, two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB infection. If not treated legitimately, TB can be deadly (CDC, 2016). TB microbes areRead MoreThe Causes Of The BCG Interventions1223 Words   |  5 Pagesin 1921 and then BCG was accepted in Europe (Daniel, 2006; Frith, 2014). United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF; now United Nations Children’s Fund) sponsored a campaign that enabled many children to be vaccinated against tuberculosis with BCG. It has been given to more than 120 million people around the world every year and over four billion vaccinations have been performed (Dalmia and Ramsay, 2012). Thus, WHO has continued to recommend BCG for neonates (WHO, 2017). JapaneseRead MoreTuberculosis1443 Words   |  6 PagesTuberculosis also known as TB, is a serious disease that affects millions of people world-wide each year. This respiratory illness usually infects the lungs, although it can affect any part of body or both at the same time. The agent that causes TB is mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacteria can be found easily in the environment such as soil and water but M. tuberculosis can only survive in its human hosts. About one-third of the human population has tuberculosis. This highlyRead MoreConcepts Within Community And Public Health1362 Words   |  6 Pages Epidemiology ADELAIDE DCOSTA Grand Canyon University Concepts in community and public health NRS-427V Sheila Hicks August 16, 2014 Epidemiology World Health Organization has called Tuberculosis the second greatest killer caused by a single infectious agent after HIV and AIDS, it has been declared as a public health crisis which is contagious, deadly and with grave consequences for those affected. Tuberculosis is found more often inRead MoreTuberculosis, A, And Tertiary Prevention Of The Disease Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesEpidemiology of Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is one of the major threats to the public health. It is poverty related disease and has affected millions of lives globally, mostly in the third world country. Prisoners, homeless people, and poor people are high risk for tuberculosis in the United States of America. Although the cases of tuberculosis (TB) infection has declined in recent years but eradication of this disease has been out of reach globally. This paper will describe the demographic and clinicalRead MoreEpidemiology Essay on Tuberculosis1735 Words   |  7 PagesEpidemiology Paper on Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), also known as TB, is a disease spread by respiratory inhalation of droplets that contain the bacteria. Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has been traced back at least 9000 years. In 1882, Dr. Robert Koch was the first physician to describe Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the germ responsible for tuberculosis. However, treatment that was evidenced based was not put into practice until the 20th century. ItRead MorePublic Health And Health Promotion Issues2662 Words   |  11 Pages2000) Public health is a pro-active field of medicine that is concerned primarily with improving the health of populations rather than just the health of individuals. The challenge of maintaining the health of populations is the responsibility of health care professionals and the optimal use of available resources can assure overall improvement in health promotion within a population. This essay will explore and critically analyse a practice-based scenario introduced in the module analysing specificRead MoreTb - Epidemiology and Nursing Role Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesTuberculosis: Epidemiology and Nursing Role Tuberculosis has been a persistent threat to the human race as far back as Hippocrates (c.460-c.370 BC). Globally, tuberculosis has infected millions during waves, often killing scores of people at a time, and then receding giving it an almost supernatural quality (Daniel, 2006). In recent history tuberculosis has been recorded in all corners of the world, and currently infects one third of the global population. In 2012, TB was responsible for killingRead MoreTuberculosis Essay1779 Words   |  8 PagesEpidemiology Paper: Tuberculosis Kyle J. Patzner Grand Canyon University: Concepts in Community and Public Health January 12, 2014 Tuberculosis has long been a disease that the human culture has been dealing with which entails significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With dealing with such a horrific disease over the years, discoveries and evolution on the appropriate ways to contain, diagnose, and challengingly treat the disease has changed. One of the most concerning complications

Monday, May 18, 2020

Book Review of Seeds of Terror Essay - 982 Words

Book Review of Seeds of Terror The book entitled, â€Å"Seeds of Terror†, examines evidence of terrorist activity in Southeast Asian countries. It is an eyewitness account by Maria A. Ressa, about Al-Qaeda’s Center of Operations emerging in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia. She recollects her own, as she has lived through many of the terrorists’ attacks in the region. Over the years, al-Qaeda successfully infiltrated and co-opted homegrown Muslim movements in: North America, Europe, the Middle East, Chechnya, Kashmir, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Groups from these regions have their own domestic agendas, but they are also pushing al-Qaeda’s anti-Western goals. Through al-Qaeda, terrorist†¦show more content†¦The lessons hadn’t been learned, and seven years and hundreds of intelligence documents later, it comes down to meticulously connecting the dots to find it leading to the same small group of men inciting a global jihad. The leaders of al Qaeda who pla nned the September 11 attacks are the very same people who set up the terrorist networks and activated their plots in the region. It is through these networks that al Qaeda has helped trigger and fuel the jihad in Asia. Based on evidence of her own investigation, the Bali bombing was indeed the work of al-Qaeda, which provided funds, training, and some of the personnel to supplement Jemaah Islamiyah’s home grown recruiting. It was the orders from al-Qaeda’s number two that Jemaah Islamiyah switched from Plan A in Singapore to Plan B in Bali. Malaysia is often cited as a model for Southeast Asia. It was only after the September 11 attacks, that it became clear that there was an entrenched al-Qaeda network in Malaysia. It also became apparent that the network had other ambitious plots developing simultaneously with the 9/11 attack. In 2002, KSM, former military chief of al Qaeda, sent Zacarias Moussaoui to the Malaysian Flying Academy, to see whether he could train to fly the wide-bodied aircraft. KSM said Moussaoui used the money he was given for flightShow MoreRelatedThe Eye and Poem to my Husband from my Fathers Daughter Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagestruths they reveal, firstly in â€Å"The Eye,† how one learns to hate, and then resent and in â€Å"A Poem to my Husband from My Father’s Daughter,† how a woman come to terms with her father’s legacy. The first poem I will discuss is from the first portion of the book and as I analyze the piece, it is easy to see the distinction between the tone of the two poems. â€Å"The Eye† begins by saying: â€Å"Bad Grandfather wouldn’t feed us. He turned the lights out when we tried to read†(19). This line is a stark image that drawsRead MoreThe Sixth Decade : The New Shape Of Nuclear Danger Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Schell’s book The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger gives an in depth look at how the world has been shaped seven decades after the creation of the nuclear bomb. In this book Schell provides a brief history of how the bomb came to be, argues how having the bomb changed the geopolitical landscape of the world, and how the current non-proliferation treaties, and recent government administrations are reviving a danger that has not been seen since the cold war. Schell doesn’t stopRead MoreOctavia Butler Essay3243 Words   |  13 Pagesdrive. 2. What have you written? Novels, short stories, and essays. Ive had 10 novels published so far. They are PATTERNMASTER, MIND OF MY MIND, SURVIVOR, KINDRED, WILD SEED, CLAYS ARK, DAWN, ADULTHOOD RITES, IMAGO, and PARABLE OF THE SOWER. Doubleday published the first five originally. Warner has reprinted WILD SEED, MIND OFMYMIND, CLAY’S ARK, and PATTERNMASTER. KINDRED has been reprinted by Beacon Press. DAWN, ADULTHOOD RITES, IMAGO, and PARABLE OF THE SOWER are available from WarnerRead MoreUS Support for the State of Israel Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pagescoalition between Israel’s Jewish and evangelical Christians supporters has had an important influence upon U.S. Middle East policy† (Friedman 51). Former President George W. Bush has expressed an understanding for Israel’s tactics in response for terror attacks. House Republican Dick Amey of Texas has even suggested that Palestine ought to be the one to surrender land not Israel. Yet still some oppose the work of Christian Zionism. Stephen Seizer in Christian Zionism and Its Impact on U.S. ForeignRead MoreReview of Bitter Fruit by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer3197 Words   |  13 PagesBitter Fruit by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer Book Review and Critical Analysis The year is 1954. Government agencies resurrect secret plans previously discarded until a more forceful administration comes to power. Behind the scenes, the CIA and State Department are fervently working in over time trying to engineer a government overthrow against a populist nationalist in their own backyard who has the dare audacity to threaten both US economic and geopolitical interest. AccusationsRead MoreEssay on The Religious Power2097 Words   |  9 Pagesculture and actions. Take Israel for example, while in the modern context they may also be a young nation, if you were to ask an Israeli national they would tell you that their nation is as old as the Old Testament or the Torah as they call their holy book. They trace their lineage all the way back past the temple of Solomon where they believe the Wailing Wall still stands. People have fought for their beliefs and been driven by their need and desire to be a nation since these ancient times. In aRead MoreAmy Low ell1937 Words   |  8 Pagesinability to spell. Lowell wrote her first poem at the age of nine called â€Å"Chacago,† which was written as a testament to her spelling problem. She began attending a series of private schools in Brookline and Boston in the fall of 1883. Lowell was â€Å"the terror of the faculty† at school. She also attended Mrs. Cabot’s school which was founded by a Lowell cousin to educate her own children and the children of friends and relatives. Lowell was â€Å"totally indifferent to classroom decorum. Noisy, opinionatedRead MoreGeorge Wilhelm Friedrich and the French Revolution Essay1881 Words   |  8 PagesReign of Terror and French Revolution had a huge impact on Germany and Europe, and Hegel became caught up in the fervor and outrage of the period and wanted to take a deeper look at the events that were occurring. His look and analysis of the French Revolution is what began his reflection of history. After graduation from the seminary, Hegel joined the faculty of the University of Jena, the philosophic center of Germany. While there, he wrote Phenomenology of Spirit, his first major book. Hegel leftRead MoreThe Culture Of European Countries1775 Words   |  8 Pageswomen were traditionally involved in villager’s leadership activities.(42) Okonkwo went to see Nwakibie a man with highest title which one can take in their clan with a pot of palm-wine and a cock. Okonkwo worked for Nwakibie to earn his first Yam seeds. When the palm-wine was distributed to villagers, the wine was equally distributed to the wives of Nwakibie also. †¦..the group drank, beginning with the eldest man †¦Nwakibie sent for his wives†¦Anasi was the first wife and the others could not drinkRead MoreLove, Lust, and Tragedy in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1768 Words   |  8 Pagesturns out terrible. Usually it ends in death but it also has alternatives, such as: tragic loss, separation, or heart break. Three things about love that are covered in the play Romeo and Juliet are romance, fairytales, and sacrifice. Romance is a seed waiting to blossom in the presence of extreme feelings for another. Hazlitt thinks Romeo and Juliet is a portrayal of how love in generations changes and goes threw an evolution and it cannot be defined (Hazlitt). Schlegel thinks Love in a romance

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Deontological Ethics - 881 Words

Deontological Ethics in Location-based Social Media There are so many location aware applications on my â€Å"smart† phone; I do not know how I could have lived without these features. There are applications that tell me where is the closes gym that I am a member of. There are applications that give me information on the weather of the current city. There are even applications that will locate the closest â€Å"driver† to taxi me wherever I want to go. And of course, all these can be shared on facebook or various other social networking sites. With the narrowing gap of our online presence and real life, these bring on various questions on the data that we provide and who can see. As with all technology issues in the current age, privacy is a†¦show more content†¦In the gadget world, this has been a huge issue with every handset manufacturer suing eachother, wanting courts to put injunctions on their products so they don’t have a competition. The e nd result might be that the company sells few more gadgets but stifles the competition hurting the users. The flipside is true for these manufacturers. While these intellectual properties’ specific process might be easy to judge, design processes are subjective. When companies sue and win injunctions on other gadgets because they â€Å"look alike† would be immoral in that while they reach an end result they might prefer, they are going about in an obscure way. The users will have to use these services with their moral conscience as well. A user could encounter a service at a restaurant that they pay for that is not up to the standards; they can post up on Yelp or similar review sites about that restaurant. These reviews are valuable to the restaurants and they will do the best they can to please the customers. If the reviews are malicious in nature, they will not be moral. However, if the review is a critique of the restaurant in a manner that it will bring light to the issues, it will be moral. Moral absolutism states that some actions are absolutely right or wrong. If providers are not clear with their intentions on how to use the user’s location based dataShow MoreRelatedDeontological Ethics : Ethics And Ethics1256 Words   |  6 Pages Deontological Ethics Deontological Ethics are based on normative ethics position that judges the morality of an action that in line with rules. In other words, deontology falls within the nomenclature of moral theories that guide and assess our choices of what we ought to do (deontic theories), in contrast to (aretaic [virtue] theories) that—fundamentally, at least—guide and assess what kind of person (in terms of character traits) we are and should be. In contemporary moral philosophy, deontologyRead MoreEssay on Exploration of Deontological Ethics833 Words   |  4 PagesExploration of Deontological Ethics Deontological ethics is concerned not with the action itself but the consequences of the action. Moral value is conferred by virtue of the actions in themselves. If a certain act is wrong, then it is wrong in all circumstances and conditions, irrespective of the consequences. This view of ethic stands in opposition to teleological views such as utilitarianism, which hold the view that the consequences of an action determine its moralRead MoreDefinitions And Development Of Deontological And Teleological Ethics1039 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This essay will include the background and development of deontological and teleological ethics. Also, it will compare and contrast the absolute and relative ethics. Finally, it will contain the ethical issues which can affect the operational activities of the business. In order to support the points, it will also include the real life examples. AC 1.1 - Background and development of ethical approaches Teleological ethic - this describes an ethical theory which judges the rightness of anRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill, And The Deontological Theory Of Ethics1873 Words   |  8 PagesFrequently brought up in modern conversations between â€Å"everyday† people and behavioral researchers alike, issues regarding morality and ethics have become increasingly prevalent. With the current global political climate drawing attention to and/or raising awareness for various humanitarian crises, such as the massive destruction in Puerto Rico that has left the entire island in ruin or refugee Rohingya people fleeing persecution in Myanmar and Bangladesh, it is imperative to understand the logisticsRead MoreDeontological, Teleological And Virtue Ethics926 Words   |  4 PagesWhen making decisions, especially critical ones, one can never be certain of the outcome to follow. An examination of three differing schools of thought Deontological, Teleological and Virtue ethics and lastly my own personal ethical paradigm will be considered for the following scenario. As platoon commander you are faced with choosing to abandon a village to its fate as enemy solders move in on your position or to disobey direct orders and intervene. The choice will carry dire consequences regardlessRead MoreEthics, Deontological, And Virtue1690 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society, we are all expected to be more open-minded and respecting of others way of life and culture. That’s what being a Global Citizen is about. Through Global Ethics we have learned so far, that we can all relate to three important moral theories. These theories are known as Consequentialist (Utilitarian), Deontological, and Virtue. Through this paper I will also be discussing a case study found in chapter two, based on the Selling of Human Body Parts, and how it’s seen through the lensesRead MoreDeontological Moral Systems : Ethics1532 Words   |  7 PagesDeontological moral systems are usually primarily by a focus upon adherence to independent moral rules or duties. In order to make the correct decisions, we just have to know and understand what a moral way to think or act, and what is the right way to act and respect the rules that exist which regulate those duties. When we follow our way of living, then we are behaving morally. When we fail to follow our duty, we are behaving immorally. It is very important to know that in deontological moralRead MoreUtilitarian And Deontological View Of Ethics1313 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom describing the various details of the issue, I will provide my position on the matter, as well as my reasoning for it. I will also that the considerations of this issue, and explore how it is that they relate to the utilitarian and deontological view of ethics. In doing so will cover who will be hurt, who will be benefitted, who’s rights are involved, who has special duties pertaining to this issue, and why I think that my position is the greatest good over the long haul. By accomplishing thisRead MoreDeontological Vs. Utilitarian Ethics1924 Words   |  8 Pages Deontological vs. Utilitarian Ethics There are two major ethical theories, deontological and utilitarian. Both theories are based on moral rules. These theories attempt to justify the principles and moral rules. In every culture something is defined as either right or wrong, not just wrong or right as a whole. Every society must define what is right or wrong and no universal truths will exist across cultures, this is defined as moral relativism. What is right and what is wrong may be differentRead MoreUtilitarianism And Deontological Ethics : Utilitarianism3422 Words   |  14 Pages UTILITARIANISM AND DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS 13 Utilitarianism and Deontological Ethics Christopher Kearney Student ID 4697583 American Public University System (AMU) Dr. Robert Watkins September 21,2017 Abstract Usefulness and duty are two of the primary drivers that cause people to take action or not. Usefulness of an action means that the society receives the greatest amount of benefits from the action (or actions) of an individual(s). On the other

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Relationships and Mechanical Processes in The Sun Also Rises

Relationships and Mechanical Processes in The Sun Also Rises Relationships are an important part of life. From general friendships to romantic encounters, almost everyone has had some type of relationship. Sometimes relationships can get confusing, especially when love is involved. Most people, such as Lady Brett Ashley, from The Sun Also Rises, feel that love and sex go hand in hand in a romantic relationship. Although it is apparent that she is in love with Jacob Barnes, the main character, since he is not able to have sex, she does not want to try having any type of romantic relationship with him. You mustnt [touch her]. You must know. I cant stand it, thats all. (Hemingway, 34). This idea that one is not†¦show more content†¦Mostly because sometimes these flings become too attached to her and they just hang around all the time, trying to make something more out of it. Bretts gone off with men. But they werent ever Jews, and they didnt come and hang about afterwards.(148). During the war Jake, the main character, had an accident that made having a romantic relationship nearly impossible with anyone but a nun. From this incident, Jakes views on life and love have become quite different from Bretts. He understands that love and sex do not have to go hand in hand, but he also knows that this combination is what most people desire in a relationship. He tries to stay away from any type of romantic relationship because of this knowledge and ventures only into platonic relationships with women. Women made such swell friends. Awfully swell. In the first place, you had to be in love with a woman to have a basis of friendship. (152). It is very difficult for Jake to have to live with only platonic relationships because he was able to have romantic relationships before the war and so knows what he is missing. In order to cope with this reality, he resorts to various methods. The first is to have platonic relationships with as many people as he can. Jake is a nice guy who does not talk about himself very much and gets along with people very well. He knows many people who understand his dilemma and try not to remind him of what he isShow MoreRelatedThe Satire of H.G Wells1560 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrial revolution defined the means, while imperialism dictated who would have eventual control. H.G Wells explores both imperialism and the industrial revolution by taking them to extremes, and through his satire reflects the specific flaws of both processes as they changed the world around him. H.G Wells himself was a left wing socialist. Socialism essentially commands an abolition of class structure and a collective ownership of the means of production (Wikipedia, Socialism). Wells interest inRead MoreWhat The Two Basic Types Of Feedback Loops Are Positive Feedback2986 Words   |  12 Pagesgive an example for each. †¢ The two basic types of feedback loops are positive feedback and negative feedback. 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Mesothelioma Free Essays

Mesothelioma is a malignant neoplasm that develops from the mesothelium tissue (a membrane that covers the internal organs present in the body).   It occurs very rarely and is more frequently caused by inhaling asbestos dust.   The incidence of the disease is slowly on the rise. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesothelioma or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In the US, about 2000 new cases are reported every year.   About 70 to 80% of all cases with mesothelioma report exposure to asbestos (NCI, 2002).   Mesothelioma can develop in various sites of the body including the pleura (membranes that covers the lungs), peritoneum (membrane that covers the abdominal cavity), tunica vaginalis testis (membrane that covers the male internal reproductive organs) and tunica serosa uteri (membrane that covers the female internal reproductive organs) (NCI, 2002). It is made up of one layer of flat or cuboidal cells that surround a particular organ or an organ set belonging to a particular group (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006).   In between these membranes a fluid is present that permits some amount of movement during physiologic functioning.   When the asbestos is inhaled, it gets deposited into parenchyma of the lungs from where it enters the immediate membrane that covers the lungs.   It may be carried soon to the other membrane of the lung.   The tumor usually begins as discrete plaques known as ‘malignant mesothelial plaques’ (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006). These discrete masses soon combine to form a large sheet like lesion that spreads.   The exact process by which mesothelioma occurs is not understood clearly, however, it seems that chronic irritation of the membrane plays a very important role (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006).   The chromosomes present in the cell are distorted (Tan, 2007).   One of the most frequent changes in the malignant cell was the loss of a copy of Chromosome 22. The chromosomal picture of the cell seems to be very complex (complex karyotype) and is rearranged (Tan, 2007).   Sometimes, the chromosome arms of 1p, 3p, 9p and 6q may also get structurally rearranged.   This may be brought about by close contact between the chromosomes or the structural proteins with the asbestos particles (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006). The asbestos may get deposited in the peritoneum either through the lymphatic system or the due ingestion of the sputum from the lungs (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006).   The long thin fibers of asbestos are more dangerous than the feathery fibers as they more easily cause cancer.   Once the fibers get deposited in the pleura, the cancer development process actually begins.   In experimental rats, it has been observed that when the pleura or the peritoneum are invaded by the asbestos particles, macrophages and the other cells of the body’s defense mechanism accumulate (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006). As the disease progresses, the macrophages and immune cells continue to invade the lesion.   Slowly the cells get transformed into malignancy.   Studies have demonstrated that the asbestos particles may directly (through physical interaction) and indirectly (through accumulation of macrophages) bring about malignant transformation of the epithelium cells.   Indirectly, the macrophages begin to function abnormally.   They phagocyte the asbestos particles and release higher amounts of hydroxyl radicals. They may stimulate the cancer process by affecting the DNA present in the cell.   Several other substances are released from the macrophages such as mitogens, growth factors, etc, which may bring about chronic irritation.   They also alter entry of certain substances into the cell (by affecting the membrane) and reducing the effect of antioxidant action within the cells.   Asbestos is also known to suppress the action of the body’s defense mechanism by overcoming the action of the lymphocytes (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006). Several structural and functional features have been observed in the cells affected with mesothelioma (which have asbestos particles within the cells): – 1.the suppressor genes against cancers present in the cells may get inactivated when the asbestos fibers enters the cells 2.other cancer-stimulating agents may get activated and affect the cell 3. the DNA of the cell gets altered due to the incorporation of a foreign DNA which encourages cancer formation 4. the DNA repair enzymes may get stimulated and frequently result in a faulty method of repair 5.the cell terminal processes may become abnormal resulting in immortality 6.the DNA sequence may be added at the ends of the cell which makes the cells immortal and results in abnormal functioning (Weitz Luxenberg, 2006) References: NCI. Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers. 2002. NCI. 5 Apr. 2007 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/mesothelioma Tan W.W. â€Å"Mesothelioma.† 2007. E-Medicine. 5 Apr. 2007 http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1457.htm Weitz Luxenberg. â€Å"The Pathophysiology of Mesothelioma.† 2006. Weitz Luxenberg Inc. 5 Apr. 2007 http://www.weitzlux.com/mesothelioma/Pathophysiology_403723.html How to cite Mesothelioma, Essay examples

Information Security for Integrity and Availability Requirements

Question: Discuss about theInformation Security for Integrity and Availability Requirements. Answer: Confidentiality, integrity and availability requirements The below points shows the examples of confidentiality, integrity and availability requirements of ATM. Confidentiality: The example of entering PIN shows the confidentiality scenario. The customer intends to use their card such as debit card or credit card by entering PIN to get access their account through swiping the card into ATM system (Saxena Patel, 2017). Thus, the customer eventually expects that the PIN to be secure and confidential in the ATM system. This expectation is not only while swiping but also during transactions through the communication between the bank server and the ATM system. The degree of importance for confidentiality is unsecure and unsafe PIN while the transaction occurred may result in compromising of bank account. This shows that encryption of PIN is necessary and should be done properly. Integrity: The example of withdrawing cash shows the integrity scenario. The customer withdraws $350 from ATM and the account balance is $3350 (Ghafari, Arian Analoui, 2015). The ATM if accidentally updates $2950 in the account of customer instead of showing and updating $3350 then this causes unexpected havoc and loss of balance amount. The degree of importance for integrity is the transaction performed in the system can directly affect the account of customer. Hence, transaction should have integrity that is without any accidental or malicious changes. Availability: The example of serving to all customers at all times shows the availability scenario. The customer go to ATM system and wants to withdraw cash however, the system is out of service (Salnitri, Dalpiaz Giorgini, 2014). This can result into problems for the customer if the customer has emergency for cash. The degree of importance for availability is that ATM system should be available to the customers at all times without any hassle. It can serve to all customers at all times. Maximum number of PINs entered by the thief before entering the correct PIN Solution: The thief tries to enter the correct pin however, before entering the correct pin the thief has to try different number of PINs. The calculation for the maximum number of PINs to be entered for getting the correct PIN number is given as follows. The PIN is of 4 digit number and the thief has to enter between 0000 to 9999 because 0 and 9 are the lowest and highest number in the keypad of ATM. Thus the maximum number of PINs to be entered by the thief is 5P4. Reasons for reluctance to use bio-metrics and possible measures Solution: The below points provide reasons for reluctance in using bio-metrics for people. Accuracy issues- The biometrics is not accurate as there are several factors that hinder the accuracy of bio-metrics. There is probability that bio-metrics can control illegitimate access because of wrong matching is close to zero (Akhtar et al., 2017). However, there is less probability that it will verify legitimate user. The accuracy issues can be countered by using all the possible body parts that can be used for authentication in bio-metrics. Cost- The cost factor is another reason because bio-metrics is costly to use and implement at any place whether at company level or country level (Hadid, 2014). The ways to counter the cost factor is by implementing the bio-metrics that is required for particular area and reasons. Single points of failure- The biometrics if fails to function will lead to halt the entire system in an organization or ATM system or any other place where bio-metrics is used (Martinovic et al., 2017). The biometrics recognizes people and if it fails then all the system will stop functioning. The single points of failure can be countered by controlling the entire system. Circumstances for seriousness of false negatives are more than false positives The two circumstances are given below for false negatives are more than false positives. The situation when a person is an owner of safe and the person wants to access its safe for an emergency because the person needs money (Eberz et al., 2015). However, the owner is prevented from accessing its safe because biometrics does not recognize the owner. Then this causes serious false negatives which poses problems for the person. The other situation when an employee in an organization collapses due to cardiac arrest and the employee is unable to go out. In this situation when another employee goes to the employee to help and at that situation when the biometric does not recognizes the employee then the employees who is collapsed could die (Pandey Verma, 2015). This is the case where false negative can lead to compromise of an individuals health. Transposition technique for a cypher text The step by step demonstration for decipher of text is given below in the following table. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Encrypted Text N T J W K H X K Corresponding numeric value 14 20 10 23 11 8 24 11 Key 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 12 17 6 21 8 4 22 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 9 14 3 18 5 1 19 5 Decoded Text I N C R E A S E Encrypted Text A M K Corresponding numeric value 1 13 11 Key 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 23 11 8 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 20 8 5 Decoded Text T H E Encrypted Text W W U J J Y Z T X Corresponding numeric value 23 23 21 10 10 25 26 20 24 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 19 21 18 6 8 22 22 18 21 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 16 18 15 3 5 19 19 15 18 Decoded Text P R O C E S S O R Encrypted Text M W K X Z K U H E Corresponding numeric value 13 23 11 24 26 11 21 8 5 Key 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 Decoded from the substitution cipher 9 21 8 20 24 8 17 6 2 Caeser cipher shift 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Decoded from the caeser cipher 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 Decoded Text F R E Q U E N C Y References Akhtar, Z., Hadid, A., Nixon, M., Tistarelli, M., Dugelay, J. L., Marcel, S. (2017). Biometrics: In Search of Identity and Security (Q A).IEEE MultiMedia. Eberz, S., Rasmussen, K. B., Lenders, V., Martinovic, I. (2017, April). Evaluating behavioral biometrics for continuous authentication: Challenges and metrics. InProceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security(pp. 386-399). ACM. Ghafari, Z., Arian, T., Analoui, M. (2015). SFAMSS: a secure framework for atm machines via secret sharing.arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.03078. Hadid, A. (2014). Face biometrics under spoofing attacks: Vulnerabilities, countermeasures, open issues, and research directions. InProceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops(pp. 113-118). Martinovic, I., Rasmussen, K., Roeschlin, M., Tsudik, G. (2017). Authentication using pulse-response biometrics.Communications of the ACM,60(2), 108-115. Pandey, R. M., Verma, V. K. (2015). Data Security using Various Cryptography Techniques: A recent Survey. Salnitri, M., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P. (2014). Modeling and verifying security policies in business processes. InEnterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling(pp. 200-214). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Saxena, P., Patel, R. B. (2017). Analysis Of Distributed Environment Based Online Banking Security.

Friday, May 1, 2020

Christianity and Rastafarianism-a Discussion of Six Similarities free essay sample

Christianity and Rastafarianism A Discussion of Six Similarities Christianity and Rastafarianism are both rooted in Judaism and draw from the Hebrew sacred scriptures. Rastafarianism evolved as a reaction to the Christianity that was imposed upon African-American slaves and their descendents. There are several other aspects in which these two religions are similar, the purpose of this paper is to explore some of those similarities. The Christian religion began around 2000 years ago in Judea, which is now Israel. Christianity began with Jesus of Nazareth and his disciples. Jesus traveled from village to village, teaching in the synagogues, and healing those who were sick and suffering. He challenged the authorities to repent from their sin. Jesus teachings created instability, which the Jewish religious authorities feared. Soon, a faithful group of men began to follow Jesus and call him teacher. These men became His disciples. Jesus taught His disciples about the will of God and about the new covenant God will bring to humanity through Him. Jesus helped them to see that mankind is bound to the pain and futility of life as a result of sin. Because of sin, mankind lost his relationship with God. The purpose of the new covenant was to bring his followers a renewed fellowship of forgiveness and love with God. Jesus was crucified and three days later rose again. After which, the disciples continued to proclaim the gospel. And share the message of hope throughout the territories (The History of Christianity). The Rastafari movement began in the Jamaican slums in the 1920s and 30s. Marcus Garvey founded Rastafarianism, a black Jamaican who taught in the 1920s and whom some believed to be the second John the Baptist. He taught that Africans are the true Israelites and have been exiled to Jamaica and other parts of the world as divine punishment. Garvey encouraged pride in being black and worked to reverse the mindset of inferiority that centuries of enslavement had ingrained on the minds of blacks. The reggae music of Bob Marley, brought international recognition to the Jamaican movement. Bob Marley is likely the most famous Rastafarian. The Rastafarian movement is named for Ras Tafari Makonnen, who was crowned Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia in 1930. Followers of the movement are known as Rastafarians, Rastafaris, Rastas, or Ras Tafarians. Rastafaris dislike the term Rastafarianism because they reject the isms and schisms that characterize oppressive and corrupt white society (Rastafari). The Rastafari movement has a lot of variation and little formal organization. Most consider Rasta to be more a way of life than a religion. The belief in the divinity of Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I, the influence of Jamaican culture, resistance of oppression, and the great pride in their African heritage are the uniting factors of the Rastas. Rastafaris ritually use marijuana, they avoid alcohol, wear their hair in dreadlocks, and are usually either vegetarian or Vegan. In an environment of great poverty, depression, racism and class discrimination, the Rasta message of black pride, freedom from oppression, and the hope of return to the African homeland was gratefully received. (Rastafari) Even though these two religions are different in many aspects there are also several similarities. Six examples are provided below. First Similarity-The Divine Reality: Christians and Rastafarians both view their divine reality similarly, through the incarnation of God. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God, part of the Trinity. What this means to them is that God came to this earth in the form of a man, in order to die on a cross for all humanity. Jesus is often referred to as the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world because of His death on the cross. (History of Christianity) The Rasta movement accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as Jah. This is the Rastafarian name for God incarnate, taken from a shortened form of Jehovah. Jah is part of the Holy Trinity, the messiah promised to return in the Bible. Rastafari’s believe Tafari Makonnen, who was crowned Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia on November 2nd, 1930 is the living God incarnate, called Jah. He is the black Messiah that will lead the worlds people of African origin into the Promised Land of full emancipation and divine justice. This is partly because of his titles King of Kings, Lord of Lords and Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah. These titles match those of the Messiah mentioned in the book of Revelation, in the Christian New Testament (Rastafari). Second Similarity-The Creation of the World: Just as the Christian Bible begins with, â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth†, (Holy Bible) The Holy Piby, the Rastafarian Bible, begins with, â€Å"From the beginning there was God and he spake and all things were made that are made†. Both of these sacred texts go on to state that God made man for his glory and then made woman for man, God called the man Adam and the woman Eve. (Holy Piby) Both of the sacred texts also agree that God rested on the seventh day and said that men should also use the seventh day as a day of rest. Third Similarity-Worship Practices: Christian worship centers on meetings or services held on Sunday. These services consist of Biblical readings, communion, and music either with or without instrumental accompaniment, prayer, a teaching from the Bible in the form of a sermon and a collection of tithes. Other forms of worship, such as individual meditation, prayer and study or small group prayer complement regular public worship (History of Christianity). Rastafarian ritual observances are largely based on the Old Testament. In their worship services Rastafarians, similar to Christian’s sermons, recite biblical passages and discuss their â€Å"reasonings† or understandings of them. The smoking of marijuana is essential to these sessions. Marijuana is described by Rastafarians as the mystical body and blood of â€Å"Jesus. † It enhances enlightenment and serves to bring him closer to God. In part Rastafarian religious services do not conform to the scheduled nature of religious services most Americans are used to. However Rasta religious services, including the use of ganja, (marijuana), do conform to specific rules and doctrines. The ganja pipes, for example, are considered to be holy objects (Norgren, Nanda, 142). Fourth Similarity-Rituals: Beginning in the 4th century Christians’ had their babies baptized as soon as possible after birth. This ritual began when many believed that infants who died before being baptized would not enter heaven. For most Christians baptism has become the means by which a baby becomes a member of the church. After the baptism, the priest holds the child up and says: -‘The servant of God (giving the child its name) is baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, Amen (Keene, 90). Similar to the Christian baptism, when a child is born into the Rastafari tradition he or she is blessed by the elders in the community. This ritual usually includes a session of drumming, chanting and prayer, at which time hild is named and given over to God (Rastafari). Another similar ritual in these religions is the observance of the birthdays of each religion’s Messiah. Christian’s celebration of Christmas for Jesus’ birthday, Rastafaris’ celebrate Selassie’s birthday on July 23rd of each year. Fifth Similarity-Belief about Human Soul: Ras tafarians and Christians both believe that humans have a soul that does not die but either goes to or awaits final judgement. Rastafarians believe that the human soul does not die but at the time of death the soul goes to judgement and is sent to heaven or hell (Chevannes, 28). Christians believe that although the body dies, the soul of both the believer and the unbeliever continues to live. Believers await the consummation of their redemption with the resurrection and glorification of their bodies, while the unbelievers await the eternal judgement of God (Sproul, 134). Sixth Similarity-Leadership Structure: Rastafarian meetings, called ‘groundations’ (a compound of ‘ground’ and ‘foundations’), almost always entail the use of ganja, (marijuana), which is held to be calming and conducive to cool reasoning. Such meetings are democratic, free debate is encouraged, and one may agree or disagree with the outcome. These meetings are one of the few times that leadership is seen in the Rastafarian movement. A ‘leading brother’-sometimes known as a ‘brother priest’-presides over them and he is assisted by a chaplain. Below the priest and chaplain are the ‘recording secretary’ and the treasurer. Sergeants at arms guard the meeting. The meetings tend to be male dominated, with little – if any – place for women, who may at most be assigned the role of ‘leader of songs’ (Chryssides, 276-77). In Christianity we also see the same type of leadership structure with the priest, deacon, and elders who all have different parts in leading the church services. Although these two religions appear to be very different at first glance, taking a closer look, we see they are similar in several aspects including: perception of the divine reality, the creation of the world, rituals, belief about the human soul, as well as their leadership structure. Works Cited Chevannes, Barry. Rastafari: roots and ideology. New York: Syracuse UP,1994. Chryssides, George D. Exploring New Religions. New York: Continuum, 1999. History of Christianity: fact based faith. All about religion. 02 Nov 2010. http://www. allaboutreligion. org/history-of-christianity. htm Holy Bible. Colorado Springs: International Bible Society, 1994. Holy Piby. 2006. Keene, Michael. The Christian Experience. Cheltenham: Thornes, 1995. Norgren, Jill and Serina, Nanda. American Cultural: Pluralism and Law. Ed. 3 Westport: Praeger, 2006. Rastafari. Religion Facts: just the facts on religion. Ed. 02 Aug 2010. http://www. religionfacts. com/a-z-religion-index/rastafarianism. htm Sproul, R. C. Essential Truths of the Christian Faith. New York: Nelson Inc, 1992.